The crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the latin church in the medieval period. The crusades were expeditions undertaken, in fulfillment of a solemn vow, to deliver the holy places from mohammedan tyranny. Crusade no longer open access the encyclopedia britannica remains by the far the most trustworthy online encyclopedia. The crusades an encyclopedia read description the crusades. The crusades may be regarded partly as the decumanus fluctus in the surge of. The internet medieval sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the fordham university center for medieval studies. To revive discussion, seek broader input via a forum such as the village pump. The northern crusades or baltic crusades were christian colonization and christianization campaigns undertaken by catholic christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan baltic, finnic and west slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the baltic sea, and to a lesser extent also against orthodox christian slavs. Ancient history encyclopedia foundation is a nonprofit organization. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of. Historians now, however, tend to view the crusades as only one, albeit. This was originally written in 2005 for an old crusades website i used to run e. Crusades crusade as metaphor encyclopedia britannica. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. The first multivolume encyclopedia to document the history of one of the most influential religious movements of the middle agesthe crusades. Alfred j andrea this atoz encyclopedia explores the phenomenon of the crusades in all of its complexity, ranging from the classic numbered crusades in the middle east to the reconquista in spain, and from the. The crusades internet history sourcebooks fordham university. The results of the crusades encyclopedia britannica. And although men dominated the crusades, women also played important roles. Definition and division in general, censorship of books is a supervision of the press in order to prevent any abuse of it. By analogy the term crusade is also given to any campaign undertaken in the same spirit. An encyclopedia surveys all aspects of the crusading movement from its origins in. Recommended by numerous educational institutions recommend us, including oxford university, michigan state university, and university of minnesota. This book includes not only european leaders and themes but also biographical portraits of islamic leaders and topics related to islamic culture. The historical dictionary of the crusades scarecrow, 2003 pretty much covers europe only and lacks both illustrations and an index. Crusades simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The term refers especially to the eastern mediterranean campaigns in the period between 1096 and 1271 that had the objective of recovering the holy land from islamic rule.
The website is no longer online, but i plan to resurrect it, in a. Were they a series of battles that pitted european christians against muslims for control of the holy land, or was there something deeper, something more significant beneath the violence. A daily life encyclopedia daily life encyclopedias by holt, andrew isbn. Either the page is no longer relevant or consensus on its purpose has become unclear. A letter to an old crusader five letters concerning the second crusade 11471149 the endowment deed of the khanqah al. Originally, the crusades were christian holy wars to recapture jerusalem and the holy land from the muslims, then to defend.
Crusades encyclopedia volume catholic encyclopedia. The set the crusades is a 4volume work of art highly recommended for both high school and collegelevel libraries as a basic introductory reference. Ten important books on the crusades, assembled, not ranked. Andrea is emeritus professor of history at the university of vermont. The pope told christians that fighting the war would repay god for their sins and that if they died on a crusade they would go straight to heaven.
This encyclopedia gives excellent coverage and depth to its topic. The very name conjures up a vision of gallant knights inspired by pure religious zeal, leaving home and country to embark on a just and holy war against the enemies of the christian faith. A successful surprise attack on the egyptian relief army ensured the crusaders occupation of palestine. The crusades of the 11th to 15th century ce have become one of the defining events of. Crusades, military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western european christians in response to centuries of muslim wars. Historians rank the most important books on the crusades. Throughout its history, literature has passed through two broad stages and is still in a third stage.
Pilgrimages see pilgrim were not cut off at first, but early in the 11th cent. Bibliography related content books cite this work license. Present knowledge of the crusades sources a history of the crusades was begun in france in the seventeenth century by the benedictines of. When alexius called for help to defend his empire against the seljuk turks in 1095, pope urban ii asked all christians to join a war against the turks.
The crusades were expeditions undertaken, in fulfilment of a solemn vow, to deliver the holy places from mohammedan tyranny. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who. This page is currently inactive and is retained for historical reference. The crusades have always been of interest to readers, and since the attacks of september 11, histories of. The first crusades book i ever read, while a high school student. Their objectives were to check the spread of islam, to retake control of the holy land in the eastern mediterranean, to conquer pagan areas. The crusades marked a violent interaction between cultures. Crusades, military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western european christians in response to centuries of muslim wars of expansion. This atoz encyclopedia explores the phenomenon of the crusades in all of its complexity, ranging from the classic numbered crusades in the middle east to the. This expansive fourvolume encyclopedia also includes the struggle of christendom against its enemies in iberia, eastern europe, and the baltic region, and covers the militaryorders, crusades. Recommended for academic and large public libraries. Unlike other works, which focus on the eastern mediterranean region, this expansive fourvolume encyclopedia also includes the struggle of christendom against its enemies in iberia, eastern europe, and the baltic region, and also covers the military orders, crusades against fellow christians, heretics, and more. An encyclopedia surveys all aspects of the crusading movement from its origins in the 11th century to its decline in the 16th century.
In this sense, every lawful authority, whose duty it is to protect its subjects from the ravages of a pernicious press, has the right of. In 1095, pope urban ii called for an armed pilgrimage to win back the holy. Having fulfilled their vows of pilgrimage, most of the crusaders departed for home, leaving the problem of governing the conquered territories to the few who remained. The ihsp recognizes the contribution of fordham university, the fordham university history department, and the fordham center for medieval studies in providing web space and server support for the. Few events in history have been more coloured by romantic imagination than that series of expeditions to the holy land known as the crusades.
Unlike other works, which focus on the eastern mediterranean region, this expansive fourvolume encyclopedia also includes the struggle of christendom against its enemies in iberia, eastern europe, and the baltic region, and. Ancient history encyclopedia receives a small commission for each book sold through our affiliate partners. Crusades covers the seven hundred years from the first crusade 10951102 to the fall of malta 1798 and draws together scholars working on theatres of war, their home fronts and settlements from the baltic to africa and from spain to the near east and on theology, law, literature, art, numismatics and economic, social, political and military history. The crusades an encyclopedia all history books world. Initially, there was disagreement concerning the nature of. He is the author of contemporary sources for the fourth crusade, among other works. Given its broad coverage and its accessible yet scholarly content, the crusades.
199 868 1064 920 312 1181 971 308 128 1419 1036 560 389 340 117 51 641 1506 1495 1264 124 789 1549 1143 609 927 649 755 892 66 655 1113 1086 627 642 295